pain

Arm Pain

Arm pain can arise from various causes, ranging from minor issues like muscle strain to more serious conditions affecting nerves, joints, or systemic illnesses. Here is a detailed overview:

  • Muscle Strain or Overuse
  • Tennis or Golfer’s elbow
  • Sprains: Ligament injuries from trauma or overstretching
  • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Pain, tingling, or numbness in the hand and forearm
  • Pinched Nerve in the spine causing radiating arm pain, tingling, or weakness
  • Peripheral Neuropathy: Nerve damage from conditions such as diabetes or trauma
  • Osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis can lead to joint pain, swelling, and stiffness
  • Frozen Shoulder: Restricted shoulder movement can result in referred pain in the arm
  • Bursitis: Inflammation of bursae (fluid-filled sacs) near joints
  • Lupus or polymyalgia rheumatica can involve arm pain
  • Though rare, bone or soft tissue tumours can cause persistent arm pain

Presentation:

It can vary and might include the following:

  • Localised shoulder, elbow, or wrist pain often indicates injury or joint problems
  • Radiating pain extends from the neck, shoulder, or chest down into the arm, possibly due to nerve involvement or referred pain.
  • Sharp, stabbing pain or a burning sensation are related to nerve involvement.
  • Dull, aching pain is common in muscle strains, overuse injuries, or arthritis.
  • Cramping pain occurs due to muscle overuse or electrolyte imbalances

    • Assessment and Diagnosis:

    To effectively manage arm pain, a thorough evaluation is crucial for identifying the underlying cause. This includes the following components:

  • Comprehensive history and assessment
  • Investigation: MRI, X-ray, CT scan, Nerve conduction studies
  • Follow-up for the personalised multimodal management plan
  • Review of the agreed-tailored pathway outcomes

    • Multimodal Treatment:

    The underlying cause determines treatment and may include:

  • Initiation of oral analgesics
  • Physiotherapy for core muscle strengthening exercises
  • Injections into the muscles, tendons, bursa, and joints
  • Spinal injections to the cervical nerve roots
  • Psychological support: stress management, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
  • Surgical consultation, if necessary
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