Chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) is a common and serious complication following surgery. It is characterised by persistent pain lasting more than three months or by new pain that develops after surgery, with all other causes, including infection and malignancy, ruled out. The symptoms can vary from mild discomfort to severe, debilitating pain.
Surgical factors include the type of surgery (e.g., thoracotomy, mastectomy, hernia repair, amputation), the length and complexity of the surgery, and the possibility of re-doing surgery. Patient factors encompass pre-existing pain or chronic pain conditions, psychological distress (e.g., anxiety, depression), and poorly managed acute pain post-surgery.
To effectively manage the symptoms, a thorough evaluation is essential, and this includes the following components:
Treatment varies depending on the underlying cause and may include: